The Play of Romeo and Juliet - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1204 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/03/13 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Romeo and Juliet Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Romeo and Juliet written by Shakespeare, portrays the life of a pair of star-crossed lovers who’s passion ultimately leads the pair to their unfortunate deaths. Shakespeare uses the thematic focus to communicate the way Romeo and Juliet’s love for one another influences the outcome of their relationship in a negative and violent way. Most of the time, being in love makes people become very aware and dramatic to the point that when it comes to losing someone they love, they come to believe that their lives are over and are unable to stop holding on onto the past. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Play of Romeo and Juliet" essay for you Create order As shown throughout the play of Romeo and Juliet, love is a great passion, and as it is blinding, it can overwhelm a person powerfully and completely such as hate can. Violence can be influenced in different forms such as an action or an idea inflicted onto yourself or others. In this scene Romeo exclaims, â€Å"To call hers, exquisite, in question more. These happy mask that kiss fair ladies’ brows, Being black, puts us in mind they hide the fair. He that is strucken blind cannot forget the precious treasure of his eyesight lost†(Shakespeare Act 1.2.229-233). After Romeo is declined by Rosaline, his first love, he comes to believe that no one else in the world will ever have the audacity to challenge her beauty and personality, even though shortly after he falls in love at first sight when he layed his eyes on Juliet. Similarly to when Romeo is exiled from Verona, he compains to Friar claiming, â€Å"Ha, banishment? Be merciful, say â€Å"death†; For exile hath more terror in his look, much more than death. Do not say banishment† (Shakespeare Act 3.3.12-14). Romeo argues that being banished from Verona is the worst thing to happen to him therefore arguing it is just saying death by another name. Romeo would gladly chose to die rather than being tortured by being taken away from his love Juliet. As for Juliet, the same state of mindset she took when she heard the news of Romeo’s banishment. Juliet argues, â€Å"But wherefore, villain, didst thou kill my cousin? That villain cousin would have killed my husband.†(Shakespeare Act 3.3.100-101). She defended Romeo claiming his outcomes of being banished much more drastic than the life of her own family. In both scenes, both Romeo and Juliet have gone through a period where there is nothing possible at the moment that would comfort them as much as being better off alone. Both show that they would rather to linger in the dark and become depressed over the idea of love rather than actually trying and working on restoring hope. Both Romeo and Juliet show throughout the play that when ever handling a situation with one another, they inflict pain to themselves mentally and physically by contemplating and attempting violent ideas such as suicide. Love can be very blinding forcing violence to reflect off of the decisions a person makes, meaning why a person decides this and how the action is taken upon. Romeo and Juliet both have shown to make unreasonable and dangerous choices due their love clouding their ability to think wisely. For example, Romeo bought the poison from a apothecary claiming â€Å"There is thy gold, worse poison to mens souls† (Shakespeare Act 5.2.80). He never considered all of his options, but instead immediately jumps to the conclusion of needing to sacrifice his life in order to preserve and defend his love with Juliet. While Juliet being placed in the same situation as well, she states, â€Å"I long to die if what thou speak’st speak not of remedy† (Shakespeare, Act 4.1.66-67). She said this to Friar Lawrence claiming that if he can’t find her a way out of marrying Paris, she will just simply need to take her life away. This highlights the significance of her relationship be tween Romeo demonstrating through her actions how her love for Romeo made her think violently, even if she didn’t follow through with the task she said she was capable of committing . Both lovers show that they are willing to do anything in power without hesitation in order to conserve their relationship even if it means sacrificing one another. Violence can interfere between those you hate and who you love without any intentions to any of them. Romeo never wished to hurt Tybalt in anyway due to him being cousins with Juliet as he claimed, â€Å" I do protest, I never injured thee, But love thee better than thou canst devise, Toll thou shalt know the reason of my love. And so, good Capulet-which name I tender as dearly as mine own† (Shakespeare Act 3.1.67-71). On the other hand, Mercutio believes Romeo to be a dastardly person and refers to him as an â€Å"O calm, dishonourable, vile submission† (Shakespeare Act 3.1.70). Mercutio knows what a threat Tybalt poses against Romeo encouraging Mercution to feel angry by Tybalt’s challenge; therefore, Mercutio obtrudes himself into the conflict as a way to defend Romeo as a way to demonstrate the responsibility and control he holds. Once Mercution has been killed, Romeo results in killing Tybalt out of rage from losing his beloved best friend Mercutio. The platonic love between both Romeo and Mercutio had a big influence in the avengances of Mercutio’s death. Although clearly Tybalt is responsible for Mercutio’s death, Romeo personally expresses his own guilt for having contributed to Mercutio’s death when killing Mercutio. Treating Violence with violence justified and inflicted the real pain Romeo had to experience and cooperate unexpectedly. The power of violence has the capability to do or change anything under it’s influence and control. Romeo and Juliet were prohibited to love one another under the control of their parents due to â€Å"the continuance of their parents rage†(Shakespeare The Prologue. 10). However, the double suicide was what interfered into the families perspectives and resulted ending the conflict between the two feuding families. Both families have looked past through all those years of constant arguing and competition with one another and have come to realize through the a ctions of their children their consequences. Romeo’s Father claimed, â€Å"Alas, my liege, my wife is dead tonight. Grief of my son’s exile hath stopped her breath.† Lady Montague died of grieving for her banished son who she lovedvery much. Both details introduce the idea of how love is the source of all or most of the violence that occur throughout the play of Romeo and Juliet. Had there not been a family feud, there would have been no need for Romeo and Juliet to hide their love resulting in having no one else die tragically. Also arguing the idea that Romeo and Juliet have not been the only ones who have died due to love. The main theme of Love as a cause of violence is frequently shown throughout the entire play of Romeo and Juliet. The amount of power that love contains can work in various ways. In the tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, love causes over dramatic behaviour, bad influences and decisions, and most of all, violent actions and thoughts expressed by the main and minor characters causing harm to others and one’s self.

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Aspect Oriented Software Development Free Essays

string(53) " related to attributes of the system as a whole \(e\." The implementation of software applications using GOAD techniques results in a better implementation structure which has an impact on many important software qualities such as enhanced risibility and reduced complexity. In turn, these software qualities lead to an improved software development lifestyle and, hence, to better software. This report introduces to management and software development staff to the concepts of aspect- orientation software development. We will write a custom essay sample on Aspect Oriented Software Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now It presents why aspect-orientation is needed in modern software development and what its contributions are to the improvement of software design and implementation structure. The report also highlight AAA technology details though without probing much in particular, as it present the various concepts of GOAD. After reading this introduction, the reader will understand what GOAD is about, know its key concepts and terminology engaged to elaborate 2. Introduction As software systems becomes more complex developers use new technologies to help manage development. The development of large and complex software applications is a challenging task. Apart from the enormous complexity of the software’s desired functionality, software engineers are also faced with many other acquirement that are specific to the software development lifestyle. Requirements such as risibility, robustness, performance, believability, etc. Re requirements about the design and the implementation of the softwa re itself, rather than about its functionality. Nevertheless, these non-functional requirements cannot be neglected because they contribute to the overall software quality, which is eventually perceived by the users of the software application. For example, a better believability will ensure that future maintenance tasks to the implementation can be carried out relatively easily and consequently also with fewer errors. Building software applications that adhere to all these functional and non-functional requirements is an ever more complex activity that requires appropriate programming languages and development paradigms to adequately address all these requirements throughout the entire software development lifestyle. To cope with this ever-growing complexity of software development, computer science has experienced a continuous evolution of development paradigms and programming languages. In the early days, software was directly implemented in machine-level assembly languages, leading to highly omelet implementations for even simple software applications. The introduction of the procedural and functional programming paradigms provided software engineers with abstraction mechanisms to improve the design and implementation structure of the software and reduce its overall complexity. An essential element of these paradigms is the ability to structure the software in separate but cooperating modules (e. G. Procedures, functions, etc. ). The intention is that each of these modules represents or implements a well-identified subpart of the software, which renders the individual modules better reusable and evolvable. Modern software development often takes place in the object-oriented programming paradigm that allows to further enhance the software’s design and implementation structure through appropriate object-oriented modeling techniques and language features such as inheritance, delegation, encapsulation and polymorphism. Aspect-oriented programming languages and the entire aspect-orientation paradigm are a next step in this ever continuing evolution of programming languages and development paradigms to enhance software development and hence, improve overall software quality 3. 0 Fundamental ideas underlying aspects and aspect-oriented software development The notion behind aspects is to deal with the issue of tangling and scattering. According to Ian Somerville (2009), tangling occurs when a module in a system includes code that implements different system requirements and scattering occurs when implementation of a single concern (logical requirement or set of requirements) is scattered across several components in a program. 3. 1 What an Aspect is. Aspect is an abstraction which implements a concern. Aspects are completely specification of where it should be executed. Unlike other abstractions like methods, you cannot tell by examining methods where it will be called from because there is clear separation between the definition and of the abstraction and its use. With Aspects, includes a statement that defines where the aspect will be woven into the program. This statement is known as a pinpoint. Below is an example of a pinpoint (Ian Somerville, 2006) before: call (public void update* (.. )) This implies that before the execution of many method whose starts with update, followed by any other sequence of characters, the code in the aspect after the induct definition should be executed. The wildcat (*) matches any string characters that are allowed in the identifiers. The code to be executed is known as the advice and is implementation of the cross-cutting concern. In an example below of an aspect authentication (let’s say for every change of attributes in a payroll system requires authentication), the advice gets a password from person requesting the change and checks that it matches the password of currently logged -in user. If not user is logged out and update does not proceed. Aspect authentication before: call (public void update* (.. // this is a pinpoint { // this is the advice that should be executed when woven into // the executing system into tries = O; string swearword = Password. Get ( tries ) ; while (tries 3 userPassword thisuser. password ( ) ) { // allow 3 tries to get the password right tries = tries +1 ; userPassword = Password. Get ( tries ) ; if (userPassword thisuser. password ( then //if password wrong, assume user has forgotten to log out System. Logout (thisUser. uid) ; } // authentication (Ian Sommerville, et al. , 2006) 3. 2 Aspect Terminology Advice: the code implementing a concern Pinpoint: defines specific program events with which advice should be associated (I. E. , woven into a program at appropriate Join points) Events may be method calls/ returns, accessing data, exceptions, etc. Weaving: incorporation of advice code into the program (via source code preprocessing, link-time weaving, or execution time weaving) 4. 0 Why Separation of Concerns a good guiding principle for Software Development Separation of concerns is a key principle of software design and implementation. Concerns reflect the system requirements and the priorities of the system stakeholders. Some examples of concerns are performance, security, specific categorized in several types. Functional concerns, quality of service concerns, Policy concerns, System concerns and Organizational concerns. Functional: related to specific functionality to be included in a system. Quality of service: related to the nonfunctional behavior of a system (e. G. , performance, reliability, availability). System: related to attributes of the system as a whole (e. You read "Aspect Oriented Software Development" in category "Papers" G. , maintainability, configurability). Organizational: related to organizational goals and priorities (e. G. , staying within budget, using existing software assets). In other areas concerns has been categorized according to different areas of interest or properties I. E. High level implies security and quality of service, Caching and buffering are Low level while Functional includes features, business rules and Non Functional (systematic) implies synchronization, transaction management. By reflecting the separation of concerns in a program, there is clear traceability from requirements to implementation. The principle of separation of concerns states that software should be organized so that each program element does one thing and one thing only. In this case it means each aerogram element should therefore be understandable without reference to other elements. Program abstractions (subroutines, procedures, objects, etc) support the separation of concerns. Core concerns relate to a system’s primary purpose and are normally localized within separate procedures, objects, etc. And other concerns tend to scatter and cross multiple elements. These cross-cutting concerns are managed by aspect since they cannot be localized resulting in problems when changes are required due to tangling and scattering. Separation of concerns provides modular dependency between aspects and components. For instance we would like to maintain a system that manages payroll and personnel functions in our organization, and there is a new requirement to create a log of all changes to an employee’s data by management. It would mean that changes will include in payroll, number of deduction, raises, employee’s personal data and sass of many other information associated with employee. This implies that there are several codes that will require changes. This process could be tedious and you might end up forgetting changing other codes as well even not understanding each and every code. With aspects you old deal with a particular element only. In this case there won’t be redundancy of multiple codes doing the same thing. An update function could be implemented that would be called whenever you would want to implement a particular method. 5. 0 Aspect-oriented Approach 5. 1 Requirement Engineering In requirements engineering there is need to identify requirements for the core system and the requirements for the system extensions. Viewpoints are a way to separate the concerns of different stakeholders that are core and secondary concerns. Each viewpoint represents the requirements of related groups of stakeholder. The requirements are organized according to stakeholder viewpoint then they are analyses to discover related requirements that appear in all or most viewpoints. These represent the core functionality of the system. There could be other viewpoint requirements that are specific to that viewpoint these then can be implemented as extensions to the core functionality. These requirements (secondary functional requirements) often reflect the needs of that viewpoint and may not share there are non-functional requirements that are cross-cutting concerns. These generate requirements of to some or all viewpoint for instance requirements for security, performance and cost. 5. 2 Software Design Aspect Oriented Design is the process of designing a system that makes use of aspects to implement the cross-cutting concerns and extensions that are identified during the requirements engineering process. ADD focuses on the explicit representation of cross-cutting concerns using adequate design languages. ADD languages consist of some way to specify aspects, how aspects are to be composed and a set of well-defined composition semantics to describe the details of how aspects are to be integrated. (Chitchat, Awls Rashes, Pete Sawyer, Alexandra Garcia, Monica Pinto Larson, Jotter Beaker, Bedim Ticonderoga, Skibobs Clarke, Andrew Jackson, 2005) Like in object orientation, several aspect-oriented extensions to ML design language to represent aspect-oriented concepts at the design level. One of these ML extensions is ATOM. ADD in ML requires a means of modeling aspects using ML stereotypes. Is an approach of specifying the Join points where the aspect advice is to be composed with the core system. The high-level statement of requirements provides a basis for identifying some system extensions that may be implemented as aspects. Developing these in more details to identify further extensions and understanding the functionality required is to identify a set of use cases associated with each viewpoint. Each use case represents an aspect. Extension use cases naturally fit the core and extensions architectural model of system. Jacobsen and Eng (2004)) 5. 2. 1 Aspect-oriented Design Process Below is fugue 1 that illustrate the design activities of generic aspect-oriented design process Core system design is where you design the system architecture to support the core functionality of the system. Aspect identification and design Starting with the extensions identified in the system requirements, you should analyses these to see if they are aspects in themselves or if they should be broken down into several aspects. Composition design At this stage, you analyses the core system and aspect designs to discover where the aspects should be composed with the core system. Essentially, you are identifying the Joint points in a program at which aspects will be woven Conflict analysis and resolution Conflicts occur when there is a pinpoint clash with different aspects specifying that they should be composed at the same point in the aerogram Name design is the essential to avoid the problem of accidental pinpoints. These occur when, at some program Join point, the name accidentally matches that in a pinpoint pattern. The advice is therefore unintentionally applied at that point. 5. 3 Programming The goal of aspect-oriented programming is to provide an advance modularization scheme to separate the core functionality of software system from system-wide concerns that cut across the implementation of this core functionality. (Kim Mess and Tom Tour ©, 2007) APP must address both what the programmer can say and owe the computer system will realize the program in a program system. APP system: mechanisms are conceptually straight forward and have efficient implementations. 5. 3. 1 Joint Point Model A Join point model defines the kinds of Join points available and how they are accessed and used. They are specific to each aspect-oriented programming language for instance Aspects. In Aspects, Joint point are defined by grouping them into pinpoints. 5. 3. 2 Pinpoint A pinpoint is a predicate that matches Join points. A pinpoint is a relationship ‘Join point Boolean’, where the domain of the relationship is all possible Join points. 3. 3 Advice 5. 4 Advantages and Disadvantages of APP APP promotes clear design and risibility by enforcing the principles of abstraction and separation of concerns. APP explicitly promotes separation of concerns, unlike earlier development paradigms. This separation of concerns provides cleaner assignment of responsibilities, higher modularization and easier system evolution, and should thus lead to software systems which ar e easier to maintain. The process is to collect scattered concerns into compact structure units, namely the aspects. On the other hand, APP cannot be elegantly applied to every possible situation. . 0 Validation and verification Validation and Verification is the process of demonstrating that a program meets the real needs of its stakeholders and meets its specification. Validation or testing is used to discover defects in the program or to demonstrate that the program meets its requirements. Statement verification techniques focus on manual or automated analysis of the source code. Like any other systems, aspects-oriented systems can be tested as black-boxes using the specification to derive the tests. However, program source code is problematic. Aspects also introduce additional testing (Ian Somerville (2006)) 6. 1 Testing problems with aspects To inspect a program in a conventional language effectively, you should be able to read it from right to left and top to bottom. Aspects make this as the program is a web rather than a sequential document. One can’t tell from the source code where an aspect will be woven and executed. Flattening an aspect-oriented program for reading is practically impossible 6. Challenges with Aspect-oriented Systems One of the limitations of APP is that it is not supported by default on any programming platform. Although it seems to be gaining popularity, its implementation has been undertaken by third parties as extensions to development framework. This has resulted in some level of disparity on the features being implemented as some of the implementations only implement specific features making it difficult to use such frameworks in some situatio ns in addition to creating some confusion over the feature. AAA programs can be â€Å"black-box tested† using requirements to design the tests, but program inspections and â€Å"white-box testing† can be problematic, since you can’t always tell from the source code alone where an aspect will be woven and executed. 7. 0 Recommendations Adopting Aspect Oriented Software development will reduce repetitions of coding or Component maintenance and reuse has a great impact to the company. On the part of cost, the company can determine whether it is easy to maintain its systems or not. Using other development paradigm can be cumbersome hence increasing tangling and scattering. System performance will also be affected in such a way that there could be more codes doing the same thing. GOAD concepts reduce redundancy and increase system performance. All functional and non-functional concerns are dealt with in GOAD. On implementation of security, Design flaws and code errors or bugs old be some of the causes of security flaws in software. Unlike SOD, GOAD approach made Software Development easy with the separation of concerns leading to modularization in reuse. How to cite Aspect Oriented Software Development, Papers